UNIT12. When ...? and How long
...? For and since
A. Compare/bandingkan When ...? (+ past simple) and
How long ...? (+ present perfect):
A: When did it start raining?/Kapan mulai hujan?
B: It started raining an hour
ago/at 1 o'clock./Mulai hujannya sekitar
satu jam yg lalu/pd jam 1.
A: How long has it been
raining?/Berapa lama sudah berlangsung
hujan?
B: It's been raining for an
hour/since 1 o'clock./hujannya sudah
sekitar satu jam/sejak pukul 1.
A: When did Joe and Carol
first meet?/Kapan Joe dan Carol pertama
kali bertemu?
B: They first met a long time
ago/when they were at school./Mereka
pertama kali bertemu dulu/ketika mereka sekolah.
A: How long have Joe and Carol
known each other?/Berapa lama Joe dan
carol saling mengenal?
B: They've known each other
for a long time./since they were at school./Mereka
sudah sejak lama saling mengenal/sejak mereka masih sekolah
B. We use both for and since
to say how long something has been happening./Kita gunakan baik for ataupun since untuk mengatakan seberapa lama
sesuatu sudah terjadi.
We use for when we say a
period of time (two hours, six weeks etc.):
* I've been waiting for two
hours.
for two hours
two hours ago -> now
two hours/a week/20 minutes/50
years/five days/a long time/six months/ages
* Sally's been working here
for six months. (not 'since six months')
* I haven't seen Tom for three
days. (not 'since three days')
We use since when we say the
start of a period (8 o'clock, Monday, 1985 etc.):
* I've been waiting since 8
o'clock.
since 8 o'clock
8 o'clock -> now
since
8 o'clock/1977/Monday/Christmas/12
May/lunchtime/April/they were at school
* Sally's been working here
since April. (= from April until now)
* I haven't seen Tom since
Monday. (= from Monday until now)
It is possible to leave out
for (but not usually in negative sentences):
* They've been married (for)
ten years. (with or without for)
* They haven't had a holiday
for ten years. (you must use for)
We do not use for + all ...
(all day/all my life etc.):
* I've lived here all my life.
(not 'for all my life')
C. We say 'It's (a long
time/two years etc.) since something happened':
* It's two years since I last
saw Joe. (= I haven't seen Joe for two years/the last time I saw Joe was two
years ago)
* It's ages since we went to
the cinema. (= We haven't been to the cinema for ages)
The question is How long is it
since ...?
* How long is it since you
last saw Joe? (= When did you last see Joe?)
* How long is it since Mrs
Hill died? (= When did Mrs Hill die?)
@p25
EXERCISES
12.1 Write questions with how
long and when.
1. It's raining.
(how long?) How long has it
been raining?
(when?) When did it start
raining?
2. Kate is learning Italian.
(how long/learn?)
(when/start/learn?)
3. I know Martin.
(how long/know?)
(when/first/meet?)
4. Bob and Alice are married.
(how long?)
(when?)
12.2 Read the situations and
complete the sentences beginning in the way shown.
1. (It's raining now. It's
been raining since lunchtime.) It started raining at lunchtime.
2. (Ann and I are friends. We
first met years ago.) We've known each other for years.
3. (Mark is ill. He became ill
on Sunday.) He has ---
4. (Mark is ill. He became ill
a few days ago.) He has ---
5. (Sarah is married. She's
been married for two years.) She got ---
6. (You've got a camera. You
bought it ten years ago.) I've ---
7. (Sue has been in France for the
last three weeks.) She went ---
8. (You're working in a hotel.
You started in June.) I've ---
12.3 Put in for or since.
1. It's been raining since
lunchtime.
2. Tom's father has been doing
the same job --- 20 years.
3. Have you been learning
English ---a long time?
4. Sarah has lived in London --- 1985.
5. --- Christmas, the weather
has been quite good.
6. Please hurry up! We've been
waiting --- an hour.
7. Kevin has been looking for
a job --- he left school.
8. The house is very dirty. We
haven't cleaned it --- ages.
9. I haven't had a good meal
--- last Tuesday.
12.4 Write Bs sentences using
the words in brackets.
1. A: Do you often go on
holiday?
B: (no/five years) No, I
haven't had a holiday for five years.
2. A: Do you often eat in
restaurants?
B: (no/ages) No, I ---
3. A: Do you often see Sarah?
B: (no/about a month) ---
4. A: Do you often go to the
cinema?
B: (no/a long time) ---
Now write B's answers again.
This time use It's ... since...
5. (1) No, it's five years
since I had a holiday.
6. (2) No, it's ---
7. (3) No, ---
8. (4) ---
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