DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)

A.     DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech) 

Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan tenses, struktur kalimat, pronoun (kata ganti orang), Possessive (kata ganti kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan tempat.

Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.

Jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu diulang (kalimat tidak langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi tetapi menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah if/whether dan what, why, where, when, who, how. Begitu pula jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka di kalimat tidak langsung menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+) to infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1 

Contoh Kalimat 

Kalimat langsung/direct	Kalimat tidak langsung/indirect
(+) He said, “ I have a present for you in my bag.” (-) He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag” (?) He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?” (?) He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag? (!) He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!” (!) He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag here!”	(+) He said that he had a present for me in his bag. (-) He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag. (?) He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in his bag. (?) He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag. (!) He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then. (!) He ordered me not to bring my bag there.

Perubahan Tenses

Direct (kalimat langsung)	Indirect (kalimat tidak langsung)
Simple Present Present Continuous Present Future Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Continuous	Simple Past Past Continuous Past Future Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

Lebih singkatnya perubahan tenses tersebut adalah:

Direct	Indirect
V1 (eat) V2 (ate) Am/is/are Do/does Do/does not Did not Was/were Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were +V-ing Has/have + V3 Will/shall/can/may/must Could/might/should/would + V1/be	V2  (ate) Had + V3  (had eaten) Was/were Did Did not Had not + V3 Had been Was/were + V-ing Had been + V-ing Had + V3 Would/should/could/might/had to could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat

Direct	Indirect
Now Today Tomorrow   Next…  Last…   …ago  Yesterday   The day before yesterday Here This These	Then That day The next day The day after The following day A day later The… after The following… The…before The previous … The preceeding …before …earlier The day before The previous day The preceeding day Two day before There That those

Contoh Soal

1. Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?

Raul         : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.

a. he had gone to his country   d. he went to his country

b. he has gone to his country  e. he goes to his country

c. he will go to his country

Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus past perfect)

2. Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?

Jenifer   : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?

Ferdy     : he wanted to know ____

a. if Mary was absent   d. that Mary had been absent

b. why Mary was absent   e. why Mary had been absent

c. why was Mary absent

Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk past perfect)

3. Mother   : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.

Herman  : Okay, mom.

Rudy      : What did your mother just told you?

Herman  : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.

a. I wasn’t so noisy   d. I am very noisy

b. not to be so noisy   e. to be not so noisy

c. don’t be noisy

Jawaban : B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)

4.    Doctor   : Open your mouth!

   Mother  : What did the doctor tell you?

   Son       : The doctor told me ___

   a. that I open his mouth   d. to open my mouth

   b. if I opened my mouth   e. opened my mouth

   c. to open my mouth

    Jawaban : D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)

5. Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?

Mother asked me ____

a. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken

b. whether I want meatball or fried chicken

c. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken

d. that I want meatball or fried chicken

e. if I want meatball or fried chicken

      Jawaban: A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2) 

Soal-Soal Latihan

1.      Head master  : Why didn”t you clean this room this morning?

Jani               :  I am sorry. I got a headache.

The headmaster asked her why ___ the room this morning.

a. I hadn’t cleaned    d. he hadn’t cleaned

b. he does not clean   e. he would not clean

c. he hasn’t cleaned

2.      Anto : I am sorry Lina. I forgot to bring your book.

Ari    : What did he say, Lina?

   Lina  : Anto said to me that he ___ to bring my book.

   a. has forgotten    d. forgets

   b. had forgotten    e. forgot

   c. would forget

3.      Mother asked Mira to close the windows because it was windy outside.

   Mother said, “ ___________”

   a. Mira closed the window. It is windy outside.

   b. Closed the window, Mira. It is windy outside.

   c. Mira closed the window. It was windy outside.

   d. Does Mira close the window. It was windy outside.

   e. To close the window Mira! It is windy outside.

4.         “What are you doing now?”, he asked.

   He asked me ____

   a. what are you were doing now  d. what I was doing then.

   b. what were you doing now.  e. what I am doing now.

   c. what I was doing then

5.        “Is John coming to the party tonight?”

   “yes, he asked me ____”.

   a. If he could go with us   d. going with us

   b. can he go with us   e. wether he goes with us

   c. he went with us

6.         My parents advised my sister ____ too much money on clothes.

   a. do not spend    d. not spending

   b. not to spend    e. not spend

   c. did not spend

7.         The secretary asked me ___ with Mr. Slamet.

   a. did I have an appointment     d. when is my appointment

   b. how was my appointment     e. that I had an appointment

   c. whether I had appointment

8.         “don’t make noise, children”, she said.

a. She told the children don’t make noise  

b. She said the children didn’t make noise 

c. She didn’t say the children should noise 

d. She told the children not to make noise.

e. She didn’t tell the children to make noise

9.         My friend said to me, “Can I find you a hotel?”. Mean____

   a. My friend asked me if I could help him find a hotel.

   b. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel.

   c. My friend said that I could help him find a hotel.

   d. My friend asked me to find a hotel for him.

   e. My friend asked me whether he could help me find a hotel.

10.  Father said, “Finish your work!”

   The indirect form is: Father told me ____

   a. finish your work    d. to finish your work

   b. finished your work    e. to finish my work

   c. that I finish my work