UNIT 13. Present perfect and
past (1) (I have done and I did)
A. Study this example
situation:/Pelajari contoh situasi
berikut:
Tom is looking for his key. He
can't find it./Tom sedang mencari
kuncinya. Dia tidak dapat menemukannya.
He has lost his key. (present
perfect)/Dia sudah kehilangan kuncinya.
This means that he doesn't
have his key now./Ini berarti bahwa dia
tidak punya kunci sekarang.
Ten minutes later:/Sepuluh menit kemudian:
Now Tom has found his key. He
has it now./Sekarang dia sudah
menemukannya. Dia mendapatkannya sekarang.
Has he lost his key? (present
perfect)/Dia sudah kehilangan kuncinya.
No, he hasn't. He has found
it./Tidak. Dia sudah menemukannya.
Did he lose his key? (past
simple)/Apakah dia kehilangan kunci?
Yes, he did./ya benar
He lost his key (past simple) but
now he has found it. (present perfect)
The present perfect is a
present tense. It always tells us something about now. 'Tom has lost his key' =
he doesn't have his key now (see Unit 7)./Present
perfect selalu mengungkapkan apa yg terjadi sekarang
The past simple tells us only
about the past. If somebody says 'Tom lost his key', we don't know whether he
has it now or not. We only know that he lost it at some time in the past./Past simple hanya mengungkapkan kejadian di
waktu lalu. Juka seseorang mengatakan Tom kehilangan kunci, kita tidak tahu
pasti apakah dia sudah menemukannya sekarang atau tidak. Kita hanya mengetahui
bahwa dia kehilangan kunci di waktu lalu.
Two more examples:
* Jack grew a beard but now he
has shaved it off. (so he doesn't have a beard now)
* They went out after lunch
and they've just come back. (so they are back now)
B. Do not use the present
perfect if there is no connection with the present (for example, things that happened
a long time ago):/Jangan gunakan present
perfect untuk kejadian yg sudah lama terjadi dantidak ada kaitannya dg saat ini
* The Chinese invented
printing. (not 'have invented')
* How many plays did
Shakespeare write? (not 'has Shakespeare written')
* Beethoven was a great
composer. (not 'has been')
Compare:
* Shakespeare wrote many
plays.
* My sister is a writer. She
has written many books. (she still writes books)
C. We use the present perfect
to give new information (see Unit 7). But if we continue to talk about it, we normally
use the past simple:/Kita gunakan Present
perfect untuk ngasih info baru. Tapi jika kita lanjut menceritakannya kita
biasanya gunakan past simple.
* A: Ow! I've burnt myself.
B: How did you do that? (not
'have you done')
A: I picked up a hot dish.
(not 'have picked')
* A: Look! Somebody has spilt
milk on the carpet.
B: Well, it wasn't me. I
didn't do it. (not 'hasn't been ... haven't done')
A: I wonder who it was then.
(not 'who it has been')
@p27
EXERCISES
13.1 What has happened in
these situations?
1. Jack had a beard. Now he
hasn't got a beard. He has shaved off his beard.
2. Linda was here five minutes
ago. Mow she's in bed. She ---
3. The temperature was 25
degrees. Now it is only 17. The temperature ---
4. The light was off. Now it
is on. Somebody ---
5. The tree was only three
metres high. Now it is four. The tree ---
6. The plane was on the runway
a few minutes ago. Now it is in the air.
The plane ---
13.2 Put the verbs in brackets
in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
1. 'Where's your key?' 'I
don't know. I've lost it.' (lose)
2. I was very tired, so I lay
down on the bed and went to sleep. (be)
3. Mary --- to Australia for a
while but she's back again now. (go)
4. 'Where's Ken?' 'He --- out.
He'll be back in about an hour.' (go)
5. I did German at school but
I --- most of it. (forget)
6. I meant to phone Diane last
night but I --- (forget)
7. I --- a headache earlier
but I feel fine now. (have)
8. Look! There's an ambulance
over there. There --- an accident. (be)
9. They're still building the
new road. They --- it. (not/finish)
10. 'Is Helen still here?'
'No, she --- out.' (just/go)
11. The police --- three
people but later they let them go. (arrest)
12. Ann --- me her address but
I'm afraid I --- it. (give, lose)
13. Where's my bike? It ---
outside the house. It --- (be, disappear)
14. What do you think of my
English? Do you think I ---? (improve)
13.3 Are the underlined parts
of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
1. Do you know about Sue?
_She's given up_ her job. RIGHT
2. The Chinese _have invented_
printing. WRONG: The Chinese invented
3. How many plays _has
Shakespeare written?_ ---
4. _Have you read_ any of
Shakespeare's plays? ---
5. Aristotle _has been_ a
Greek philosopher. ---
6. Ow! _I've cut_ my finger.
It's bleeding. ---
7. My grandparents _have got_
married in London.
---
8. Where _have you been born?_
---
9. Mary isn't at home. _She's
gone shopping._ ---
10. Albert Einstein has been
the scientist who _has developed_ the theory of relativity. ---
13.4 (Section C) Put the verb
into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple.
1. A: Look! Somebody has split
(spill) coffee on the carpet.
B: Well, it wasn't (not/be)
me. I didn't do (not/do) it.
2. A: Ben --- (break) his leg.
B: Really? How ---
(that/happen)?
A: He --- (fall) off a ladder.
3. A: Your hair looks nice.
--- (you/have) a haircut?
B: Yes.
A: Who --- (cut) it? ---
(you/go) to the hairdresser?
B: No, a friend of mine ---
(do) it for me.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar