Cambridge Grammmar in Use / UNIT 10. Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)

UNIT 10. Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)

A. Study these example situations:/ Pelajari contoh situasi dibawah ini:

Ann's clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling./Pakaian Ann ternodai cat. Dia baru saja mengecat langit langit

Has been Painting is the present perfect continuous

We are interested in the activity. It does not matter whether something has been finished or not. In this example, the activity (painting the ceiling) has not been finished./Kita lihat pada aktivitasnya. Tidak masalah apakah sudah selesai atau belum. Pada contoh ini aktivitas nya belum selesai

The ceiling was white. Now it is blue. She has painted the ceiling./Langit2 tadinya putih. Sekarang biru. Dia sudah mengecat langit2

Has painted is the present perfect simple.

Here, the important thing is that something has been finished. 'Has painted' is a completed action. We are interested in the result of the activity (the painted ceiling), not in the activity itself./Disini, hal yang penting adalah sesuatu yang sudah selesai dikerjakan. Kami lebih tertarik dengan hasil aktivitasnya, tidak pada aktivitasnya saja

Compare these examples:/bandingkan cotoh2 berikut

* My hands are very dirty. I've been repairing the car. The car is OK again now. I've repaired it./Tangan saya sangat kotor. Saya sudah dan sedang memperbaiki mobil. Mobilnya baik lagi sekarang. Aku sudah memperbaikinya.

* She's been smoking too much recently. She should smoke less. Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty./ Dia sudah dan masih banyak merokok akhir2 ini. Dia harus menguranginya. Seseorang sudah menghabiskan semua rokok saya. Bungkusnya kosong.

* It's nice to see you again. What have you been doing since we last met? Where's the book I gave you?

What have you done with it?/Senang bertemu anda lagi. Apa yang sudah dan masih kamu lakukan sejak terakhir kita bertemu. Dimana buku yg saya kasih untukmu. Apa yg sudah anda lakukan dengan buku itu?

* Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis? Have you ever played tennis?/Dari mana saja kamu? Apakah kamu sudah dan sedang bermain tenis? Pernahkah kamu bermain tenis?

B. We use the continuous to ask or say how long (for an activity that is still happening):/kita menggunakan kalimat yg sedang berlangsung untuk menanyakan seberapa lama (untuk aktivitas yg masih berlangsung)

* How long have you been reading that book?/ Sudah berapa lama kamu baca buku itu?

* Mary is still writing letters. She's been writing letters all day./ Mary masih menulis surat. Dia sudah dan sedang menulis surat seharian.

* They've been playing tennis since 2 o'clock./ Mereka sudah dan masih bermain tenis sejak jam 2.

We use the simple to ask or say how much, how many or how many times (completed actions):/Kita gunakan kalimat simple present perfect untuk menanyakan Berapa banyak, berapa kali utuk tindakan yg sudah selesai:

* How many pages of that book have you read?/Berapa banyak halaman yg sudah kamu baca dari buku itu?

* Mary has written ten letters today./Mary sudah menulis 10 surat hari ini.

* They've played tennis three times this week./Mereka sudah bermain tenis sebanyak tiga kali minggu ini.

C. There are some verbs (for example, know/like/believe) that are normally not used in the continuous:/ Ada beberapa kata kerja yg biasanya tidak dipakai pada kalimat continuous seperti know/like/believe:

* I've known about it for a long time. (not 'I've been knowing')/ Saya sudah dan masih mengetahui tentang hal itu sejak lama.

For a list of these verbs, see Unit 4A.

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EXERCISES

10.1 Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in brackets.

1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.

(read/for two hours) He has been reading for two hours.

(read/53 pages so far) He has read 53 pages so far.

2. Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months

ago.

(travel/for three months) She ---

(visit/six countries so far) ---

3. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is national

champion again--for the fourth time.

(win/the national championship four times)

(play/tennis since he was ten)

4. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together. They still make films.

(make/ten films since they left college) They ---

(make/films since they left college)

10.2 For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.

1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (how long/learn/Arabic?) How long have you been

learning Arabic?

2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (how long/wait?)

3. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (how many fish/catch?)

4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (how many people/invite?)

5. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long/reach?)

6. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books/write?)

(how long/write/books?)

7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask: (how long/save?)

(how much money/save?)

10.3 Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done etc.) or continuous (I

have been doing etc.).

1. Where have you been? Have you been playing (you/play) tennis?

2. Look! Somebody --- (break) that window.

3. You look tired. --- (you/work) hard?

4. '--- (you/ever/work) in a factory?' 'No, never.'

5. 'Jane is away on holiday.' 'Oh, is she? Where --- (she/go)?

6. My brother is an actor. He --- (appear) In several films.

7. 'Sorry I'm late.' 'That's all right. I --- (not/wait) long.'

8. 'Is it still raining?' 'No, it --- (stop).'

9. I --- (lose) my address book. --- (you/see) it anywhere?

10. I --- (read) the book you lent me but I --- (not/finish) it yet.

11. I --- (read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.